What childhood disease may cause severe fetal defects if contracted during pregnancy?

• A. Rubella
• B. Measles
• C. Mumps
• D. Varicella

Answer: (A)

Infections during early pregnancy can have serious effects on fetal development, because the baby’s organs are forming then. Rubella is a classic example of a teratogenic infection. If a pregnant person contracts rubella, especially in the first trimester, the virus can cross the placenta and disrupt fetal development, leading to congenital rubella syndrome. This can cause severe defects such as heart problems, cataracts, deafness, and developmental delays. The other illnesses listed do not have the same well-established association with a broad pattern of congenital defects when contracted during pregnancy, making rubella the best answer. Prevention through vaccination before pregnancy is crucial to avoid this risk.