According to nursing teaching, what should a pregnant adolescent avoid?

• A. Alcoholic beverages
• B. Caffeinated beverages
• C. Herbal teas
• D. Water and fluids

Answer: (A)

Alcoholic beverages should be avoided during pregnancy because alcohol is a teratogen that reaches the developing fetus. The fetus cannot metabolize alcohol efficiently, so exposure lasts longer and can disrupt early formation of organs and the brain. There is no proven safe amount; even moderate drinking can affect development, and binge drinking markedly increases the risk of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, which include growth problems, facial abnormalities, and neurodevelopmental and behavioral issues that can persist after birth. In a pregnant adolescent, this risk is particularly important given additional nutritional and psychosocial factors that can influence prenatal health. Other beverages—caffeine in moderation, certain herbal teas with known safety, and adequate water—are not categorically prohibited, but the definitive guidance is to avoid alcohol altogether to protect the fetus.